Weaving and weaving device



May 23, 1939. A J, A 2,159,265

I WEAVING AND WEAVING DEVICE Original Filed Aug. 24, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet2 o \2 g 2 XSTART XEND INVENTOR BY tlA/ MM ATTORNEY Patented May 23,1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WEAVING AND WEAVING DEVICE Originalapplication August 24, 1937, Serial No.

Divided and this application September 28, 1938, Serial No. 232,113

8 Claims.

This invention relates to a strand supporting device and method of usingthe same, both of which may be utilized in the production of novel biaswoven fabrics such as are described and claimed in my prior co-pendingapplication, Serial No. 160,586, filed August 24, 1937, of which thisapplication is a division.

As described in the aforesaid application, one method of making suchfabrics comprises a hand manipulation of yarn or similar strand materialon a strand-supporting device which is so arranged as to permit readyand easy production of the fabric following simple instructions. It istherefore an object of this invention to provide a strand or the likesupporting device, especially adapted for use in weaving such fabrics,preferably by the method described herein.

Further objects and advantages of my invention will be hereinafterreferred to in connection with a description of the drawings, in which:

Fig. l is a plan of a novel strand supporting device having thereon apartially completed bias woven fabric;

Fig. 2 is an elevation taken on the line 22 of the supporting device,but omitting the strands of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a detailed elevation of a modified form of my strandsupporting device;

Fig. 4 is a plan of a modified form of my strand supporting device,showing a completed bias woven fabric formed thereon; and

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of a further modified form ofstrand supporting device, showing completion of one step in theoperation of forming my novel bias woven fabric.

My novel strand supporting device comprises a support 66, having thereona series of pins arranged along the perimeter of a rectangle. Thesupport 60 may be a solid plate, but, preferably, it is cut out in thecenter or formed of separate pieces to allow more convenient operation,as will be hereinafter described.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, there are provided four corner pins,a, b, c, d, corresponding to the corners of the support, A, B, C, D.Intermediate pins 0. and b is a row of substantially equally spacedpins, which row, in this case, happens to comprise 20 pins, an evennumber. On the opposite side of the support, between corner pins and d,is a row g of pins in number equal to the number of pins in row 6, andsubstantially equally spaced as in row e. The other two rows of pins, 1and it, between corner pins 12 and c, and d and a, respectively, arealso substantially equally spaced, with intervening distances beingsubstantially equal to those between adjacent pins in rows 6 and 9, buteach of the rows 1 and it contains 21 pins, or one more pin than eitherrow e or row 9. This is a fundamental requirement of my novel strandholding device, that each row in one set of opposite parallel rows ofpins shall have one more pin than either of the rows of the other set ofopposite parallel rows, whether corner pins be counted or not, providedthat if one or both corner pins are counted in one set, one or bothcorner pins shall likewise be counted in the other set. Within thisrequirement, the total number of pins on the support may vary inaccordance with the size of fabric desired.

In Fig. 4, I illustrate a device wherein rows e and g happen each toconsist of 19 pins, an odd number, and rows ,1 and h each to consist of20 131118.

As is obvious, by correct mathematical placement, the pins may be madeto form a perfect square. Such formation is diagrammatically illustratedin Fig. 5, wherein, in addition, the corner pins (which, as hereafterexplained, are not necessary) nave been omitted. In Fig. 5, the pins ofrows e and g are somewhat more closely spaced than those of hows f andh, so that the total formation is along the perimeter of a square.

Fig. is also a diagrammatic illustration of a device having a slightlydifferent arrangement of pins, rows e and g having an odd number (5),and rows and it having an even number (4) as in Fig. 4, but the oddrows, e and g, having one more pin than the even rows.

The fabric is formed in the following manner:

The operation consists primarily in two steps, (1) a winding operation,and (2) an alternate winding and weaving operation. Each of these stepsis very simple when understood.

Winding operation This operation comprises the formation of a frameworkof two layers of crossing courses by winding yarn or similar strandmaterial around selected pins of the strand holding device, as will behereafter explained. The corner pins, a, b, c, d, can be utilized fortying ends of the strand, but these pins have no other function, andtherefore may be omitted, as shown in Fig. 5, since other suitable meanscan be provided on the support 60 for conveniently fastening the ends.

The principle of the winding operation is as follows:

Starting from a corner of the support, fastening an end of a strand :1:in some manner, as to a corner pin, the strand is coursed to and aroundthe diagonally opposed end pin of the opposite row having the greaternumber of pins; then to 5 and around the end pin of the opposite rowhaving the less number of pins; then back to and around'the startingcorner next-to-end pin of the other greater row; then'to and'ar'ound thenext-to-end pin of the other less row; then diag- 10 onally across, toand around another pin in the first named greater row, skippingone pinaway from the one already wound; and continuing from one row to anadjacent' row', always skipping one pin in each row until the' yarn isbrought ]5 out at another corner from the starting corner, which cornerwill always be at the other end of the row having the odd number of pinsfrom the starting corner. Thus, as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 5, ifthe strand a: is started at cor- 20 mar D, the strand is coursed to andaround successively-pins e5, fl, p4, k2, e3, f3, g2, 7144, el; andoutcorner Cg or in Fig. 5,'if the 'start is made at coiher C,-the samecourses are made, but the lr'iyers will be reversed, crossing'each otheron 5 opp'osite side's; asis'obvious.

In*-"Fig. 1,:a study will reveal that the operation 1 starts from cornerA, and thestrand is coursed successivelyto-and around pins f2l, 91, M0,e2, H9; 93, hi 8, e4, and so on -until't'he strand reaches -30pin2ilgalnd then fl, after which it'is coursed dif agonally across'tocorner D, which corner is at the other end of the row having the oddnumber of pins from the starting corner A (row 12).

i In Fig.-l-, the'winding-strandr (unshaded) is 315 shown as starting atcorner A, and is coursed to and around successively pins I20, gl, M9,@2, and "soon until it reachespin 'glQ; and then hi, after whi'ch thestrandis coursed diagonally across to corner B, which, in thisembodiment, is the cor- 40'nerat'the*otherend of the row having the oddnumber of pins from the starting corner A '(row 'e). p

In the same manner,in Fig. 1,the windi1ng op- --erationmight be startedat corner B, coursing l5-s't'rand .rfirst to and around hi (thediagonally o'pposed'end pin-'of-the opposite ro-w having the greaternumber of pins) then to and around 920 (end pin of the 1 opposite rowhaving the less number of pins). In this case the strand will "50 -'comeout at cor ner-C (the corner at the other enaer the rowhaving theoddnumber of pins :from -the -starting -corner'B [ro'w fl) 0r, if-thestrand xis started=in Fig.-1' at cor- 'ner'iC, itis-coursed firstto-and around h2l (the 55 diagonally opposed end pin of the-opposite rowhaving thegreater number of pins); then to el (end pin of the oppositerow having the less number'of-pins). In this case the strand will end at1 corner B (the corner at the other end of the 60 row having-the odd'number of pins from the starting corner C [rowjlL Or, if the stran'dxisstarted in Fig. l at corner D, it is coursed first to and around fl(again-the diagonally opposed end pin of the opposite row 65 havingthegreaternumbe'r of pins), and so on,and will end at corner-A (againthe corner at the {other'end of'the row-'havingthe'odd 'number of pinsfrom the starting corner D- [row h]). In "other words, it will be likeFig. l, with the layers l0 of" the strand a: reversed.

Likewise, in the'device shown in Fig. 4, strand :1:

may be started at any corner, provided it is coursed firs t:toand aroundthe diagonally op- V posed end pin of the opposite row having the 75greater number ofpins.

' in one row is visibly distinguished from intervening'pins, and so thatthe end pin of each row has the same distinguishing feature as the ad-'J'acent end pin of an adjacent row. Thus, as shownin'Fig. 3, row e'isformed with every other .pin shorter than the intervening pins. Pin hZI(not shown in Fig. 3) may be made of the same height as'the end pin el.

Ascan be observed by reference to the pins in Fig. 4;:each'pinsupporting the shaded strand y'may readily be visibly distinguished fromthe *pinsisuppo-rting the unshaded strand x. In such case, opposite pinsin the even rows and h may have the same distinguishing feature, whileopposite pins in the odd rows e and 9 may have adifferentdistinguishingfeature. As noted in Fig. 4,'pins I220 and e-I, el9 andfl, may have one distinguishing feature, while pins T26 and gl and gl9and'hl, may have a different distin- :guishing feature,-but eachpair ofadjacent end pins are alike.

The samehelpful function would be performed if the pins, while equal inheight-were of differ- 35 ent colors. .Other indicating means-might wellbe employed either on the pins or on the support 60. With suchindicatingmeans, the wind, ing-strand a: may be coursed to and aroundevery pin having the same distinguishing feature as the diagonallyopposed end pin of the row opposite the-starting corner having thegreater number of pins.

Otherindicating means may be used as wind- :ing guides, such as markingthe starting corner 45 and/or the first pin to be wound with specialdesignations, to aid instruction of the user and operation of thedevice. 7

Having formed the two layers of crossing coursesbythewindingoperation-the second step is performed, that of forming anotherframework interlocking with the first framework by alternately windingand weaving another strand 1 while coursing it to and around all thepins unoccupied by thezpreviously laid winding strand 0:;

'Windin'g and weaving operation The principle of the preferred method ofperforming this-operation is to start at the corner oppositetthestarting corner of-the winding op- :eration with a new strand y, the,end of which again may be conveniently attached to a corner ipin-orequivalent means. .The strand y is coursed 'from'thestarting corner,always to and around .the'zdiagonally opposed, unoccupied end pin 01' toanother unoccupied pin in the first named greaterrow,skipping one pinawayfrom the pin already wound by the winding and weaving strand y, andcontinuing alternately weaving and winding from an unoccupied pin in onerow to an unoccupied pin in and adjacent row, always skipping one pin ineach row until the strand is brought out at the unoccupied fourth cornerof the strand holding device.

Thus, as illustrated in Fig. 1, the winding and weaving strand y isstarted from corner C, and is shown coursed to and around pin h2 I, thenunder strand as, to and around el; then over the layers of strand :1: toand around f2ll; then woven under previously laid courses of strand a2,and over the previous course of itself, to and around g2, and so on,with the result being as shown in Fig. 1, when the strand 1! has reachedpin ell. If the alternate winding and weaving is continued, the strandwill come out at corner B, the unoccupied fourth corner.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the alternate winding and weaving ofstrand y (shaded) starts at corner C, and ends at corner D.

As will be obvious, the winding and weaving operation may be startedfrom the corner opposite the ending corner of strand (1!, but theoperation will be more difficult because the winding courses must belaid under the previously laid layers of strand :c. If such method isemployed, then the strand y will be woven over previously laid coursesof strand r, and under previously laid courses of itself, as will beobvious from an examination of Fig. 4, if the shaded strand is startedat corner D.

For use in the weaving operations, a suitable needle is convenient, theneedle being preferably of a greater length than the diagonal of thestrand supporting device, and of a size relative to the pin spacing toallow the needle to pass between pins of one row and pins of an adjacentrow at the same time, at the angle required by the operations abovedescribed. The space formed in the center of the support is helpful inallowing manipulation of the needle to perform the weaving.

In the above specification, the word courses has been used as a genericterm to indicate what would be Warp and weft threads in a fabric notbias woven. The terms "warp and weft have not been used to avoidconfusion. Therefore, in the appended claims, the Word course refers tothat portion of a strand of my woven fabric which, before removal of thefabric from the support, lies between a pin of one row and a pin ofanother row, or between a pin of one row and a corner of the support(the four courses of maximum length); or, in other Words, to a strandwhich, after removal of the fabric from the support, would constituteeither a warp or a weft thread in a normally woven fabric. Accordingly,the term coursing in the appended claims refers to the act of laying acourse, as above defined. I

It will be obvious that instead of employing a single strand at anynumber of strands might be employed, but another pin for each new strandused must be added for each pin now present, so that in winding aplurality of strands, there will be a plurality of pins positioned toreceive the plurality of strands at each change of course. In sucharrangement the pins may be suitably spaced in groups, Without equalspacing of all the pins.

After Winding a plurality of a: strands, either one or more strands ymay be used. Additional pins will likewise have to be added for each new1,! strand used, and the indicating means can be arranged to distinguishpins intended to hold strands :c and those intended to hold strands y.

The fabric produced by this preferred method of operation is fullydescribed in my above referred to co-pending application.

I claim:

1. A method of weaving a rectangular bias woven fabric comprisingforming a framework of crossing strand courses by laying a strand from acorner of a series of pins arranged on a supporting device along theperimeter of a rectangle with one set of parallel rows of said serieshaving an equal number of substantially uniformly spaced pins and withthe other set of parallel rows each having substantially uniformlyspaced pins only one less in number, diagonally across said support toand around the diagonally opposite end pin of the row remote from thestarting corner having the greater number of pins, then to and aroundthe adjacent end pin of the row remote from the starting corner havingthe less number of pins, then back to and around the starting cornernext-to-end pin of the other greater row, then to and around thestarting corner next-to-end pin of the other less row, then to andaround a pin in the first named greater row, skipping one pin away fromthe one already Wound, and. continuing winding said strand from a pin inone row to and around a pin in an adjacent row, while forming a loop ofapproximately 90 degrees around every pin wound and always skipping onepin in each row, until the strand reaches another end pin in one of thegreater rows, then winding said strand therearound and to the corner ofsaid rectangle at the other end from the starting corner of the rowhaving the odd number of pins, and then interweaving a second strandwith said framework by laying said second strand from one of the othertwo corners of said rectangle and on one side of said framework to andaround the diagonally opposite unoccupied end pin of the row remote fromthe second starting corner having the greater number of pins, weavingsaid second strand on the other side of the first laid interveningcourse of said first strand to and around the adjacent end pin of therow remote from the second starting corner having the less number ofpins, then back to and around the second starting corner unoccupiednext-to-end pin of the roW having the greater number of pins, thenweaving said second strand on the said other side of the two interveningpreviously laid courses of said first strand, and on the said one sideof the previously laid intervening course of itself to and around theadjacent second starting corner next to end pin of the less row, then toand around another unoccupied pin in the greater row remote from thesecond starting corner, skipping one pin away fromthe pin already woundby the second strand, and continuing alternately thus weaving andwinding said second strand from an unoccupied pin in one row to andaround an unoccupied pin in an adjacent row while forming a loop ofapproximately 90 degrees around every pin wound and always skipping onepin in each row until said second strand reaches the last unoccupied endpin of one of the greater rows, then winding said second strand therearound and weaving said second strand to the corner of said rectangle atthe other end from the second named starting corner of therow having theodd numevennu'inber of pins.

29A method of "weaving a rectangular 'b-ias Lwoven -fabric comprisingforming a framework of crossing strand coursesby laying a strand from iacornerpfia'seriesof pinsarranged on a supportingdevice along theperimeter of a rectangle with one set of parallel rows of said'serieshaving an equal number of substantially uniformly spaced pins and withthe other setof parallel rowseach'having uniformlyspaced pinsonly one:less innumber, diagonally across said support togand around thediagonally opposed end pin ofitherow remote from the startingcornerhavring the greater; numberof pins, then to and aroundthe-adjacent end pin of the rowremote from the starting-corner havingthe less number -'of.--D-ins, then back' to .and around the startingcornerneXt-to-end'pinof the, other greaterrow,

then tozandaround the starting corner next-to end; pin of the other lessrow, then to and around a pin in thefirst named greater'row -skippingone pin away from-the one already wound and continuing winding saidstrand from a pin in one row; to and around a pin in an adjacent row,while forming a loop of approximately 90 degrees around every pin woundand always skipping one pin in each row until the strand has been woundaroundand ,fromthe other end pin in the first named greater row to thecorner of said rectangle at the other end from the starting corner ofthe 'rowlhaving the odd numberof pins, and then vinte'r'we'aving asecond strandfrom the corner of -said'frectan'gle opposite said startingcorner over said first strandto and around the first named cornerunoccupied end pm of the row having the -in' the se'c'ond' named"greaterrow, skipping one pin'away' from the pin already wound by the secondstrand, and continuing alternately weav- "ing-'and winding said secondstrand from an unoccupied pin in one row-to and around an unoccupied pinin an adjacent row while forming a loop of-approximately 90 degreesaround every ,pinwound and always skipping one pin in each rowuntil-said second strand is woven from the "other end pin inthesecondnamed greater row to thecornerrof said rectangle at the other end-fromsthe.=firstsnamed corner of the row having the 33. A tme'thodof'iweaving a rectangular bias w'oven fabriccoinprisingforming aframework of "crossing'strand courses by laying a strand from acorner'of- -a series-of pins arranged on a supporting device a-long theperimeter of a rectangle with oneset' of'palrallel rows of saidserieshaving an equal number of substantially uniformly spac'e'd 'pinsandwith the'other set of parallel rows ea'ch having unifornily spacedpins only one less'innumber; diagonally across said support to andaround the diagonally opposed end pin of the row remote from-thestarting corner having the greater-numberct pins; then to 'andaaroundthe adjacentnd pin of the sro'wrerhote from the starting pointfhavingtheless-.-. numb 81 ofpihs, thenbackte and-around the starting 'cornenextto-end pineofthe other greater rowg then to and around the startin-gcorner" next-to end- 'pin of the other less ro'w,*then' to "and areundaapirr -in away from' the one already wound, and continuing Winding saidstrand from" a -p-in inwne royv to and-around a pin inan adjacentrowg'whilei forming a loopoi approximately 90 degrees around every-pinwound and always skipping one -pinin eaclrrow, until the strand h asbeen wound around and frOm the-end pin-remote from the starting-cornerln the second named greater row from thestarting corner bftherow'havingthe I odd numberof. pinsand then inter weaving a' second strand 'withsaid f-ram ework -=bylaying said second strandfromthe-corner of sai'd'rectangle e2 opposite said starting corner over said 'fi-rst strandpins, weaving said-secondstrandunder the first then hack 'to' and-aroundthe second starting --to-the corner of said're'cta'ngle at the other-end'-la-id interveningcourse of "said first str'and toi5 and-around theadjacent first named corner end pin-cfthe row havingthe le'ss number ofpins,

having the greater numbero-f pins, then weavingng' said-second strandunder the twoint'ervening-previo'usly -laid courses ofsaid firststrand',--and over the intervening previously l aid course of 1 itself,

to and aroundthe adj acent second {startingcorner next-to-end pin of thelessrow, th'en-"t0 ahd around another unoccup'ied' pin in the secondnamed greater row, skipping one-pin awayfro'm the pinalready wound bythe s'econd strand, and continuing alternately weavingand- -windingsaid second strand nom an unoccupied pin in Gt'leif' row-to and"around'an unoccupied pinlin' -an adjacent rowwhile forming a loop ofappro'xinat'cly 90 degrees around every pin Wound and alwaysskippingone' pin-"in each row until said second strand-is wovenirom the'oth'er'z 'e'ndping' in the first named greater row to the'corner ofsaid rectangle at'the other end from the first named "corner of the rowhavingthceven number of pins. 7 4. A yarn-and the like supporting devicecorn-1 prising a support, series of pins arranged on said supportalongthe perimeter of a rectangle,

' said-series including two sets of parallel rows of pins, the rowsofone set having an equal number or substantially uniformly spaced pins;-'the rows of "the other set each having substantially uniformlyspaced'pins only one less innumber than'said-equal numb-er; and eachend: pin in each row being spacediro'm a corner of said rectangle ad'istance not substantially greater than thedistance betweenadjacentpins inthe-same row.

5.-=A yarn and the like-supporting device comprising a support, a seriesof pins arranged-on said'support alongthe perimeter of a rectangle, 65

said series including two-sets of parallelrows 'ofpins, the rows 'of oneset having an'equal number of pins, the rows of the other seteachhavingpins only one less in number-than-said equal number, all ofthepinsin-said series being substantially uniformly spaced; and each-endpin in each row being spacedfrom a cornerof said rectangle -a-distance-not substantially greater than the distance between adjacent spinsinsaid series.

6. A yarn and the like supporting device com prising a support, a seriesof pins arranged on said support along the perimeter of a square, saidseries including two sets of parallel rows of pins, all of the pins insaid series being substantially parallel to each other, each of the pinsin opposite rows of said series being substantially equally spaced fromadjacent pins in the same row, but differently spaced than the pins inthe adjacent rows, and each of two opposite rows of said pins havingpins one more only in number than the number of pins in either of theother two rows.

7. A yarn and the like supporting device: com prising a support, aseries of pins arranged on said support along the perimeter of arectangle, said series including two sets of parallel rows of pins, therows of one set having an equal number of substantially uniformly spacedpins, the rows of the other set each having substantially uniformlyspaced pins only one less in number than said .equal number, each endpin in each row being spaced from a corner of said rectangle a distancenot substantially greater than the distance between adjacent pins in thesame row, selected pins in said series being visibly distinguished fromother pins, and each pair of adjacent end pins in adjacent rows havingthe same distinguishing feature.

8. A yarn and the like supporting device comprising a support, a seriesof pins arranged on said support along the perimeter of a rectangle,said series including two sets of parallel rows of pins, the rows of oneset having an equal number of substantially uniformly spaced pins, therows of the other set each having substantially uniiormly spaced pinsonly one less in number than said equal number, each end pin in each rowbeing spaced from a corner of said rectangle a distance notsubstantially greater than the distance between adjacent pins in thesame row, and selected pins in said series being visibly distinguishedfrom other pins, with the visibly distinguished pins in said rows havingthe less number of pins being directly opposite each other, and witheach visibly distinguished pin in said rows having the greater number ofpins being adjacent a pin directly opposite a visibly distinguished pinin the opposite row.

ANNIE JEAN GASH.

